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tubulin polymerization assay kit  (Cytoskeleton Inc)


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    Structured Review

    Cytoskeleton Inc tubulin polymerization assay kit
    A Western blot analysis of AhR in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of TBD0220 and LN229-EGFRvIII cells. TEFT treatment promotes AhR nuclear translocation, B Immunofluorescence staining of AhR (red) and DAPI (blue). TEFT induces AhR nuclear accumulation, which is reversed by IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib. Scale bars, 10 μm, C ATAC-seq footprinting showing increased chromatin accessibility at the AhR binding motif in EGFRvIII cells versus wild-type, D GO enrichment analysis of AhR target genes (identified by intersecting ATAC-seq and ChIP-Atlas), highlighting “Mitotic Cell Cycle” and “Microtubule Cytoskeleton” as top pathways, E Representative immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles <t>(α-tubulin,</t> green) and chromosomes (DAPI, blue) in LN229 cells. TEFT causes severe spindle disruption and multipolar mitosis in wild-type cells, whereas EGFRvIII cells maintain bipolar spindles. This protection is lost upon IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib treatment, F Quantification of cells with abnormal nuclei following TEFT treatment ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), G Venn diagram intersecting RNA-seq (upregulated), ATAC-seq (accessible peaks), and ChIP-Atlas (AhR binding targets) data, identifying DCLK1 as a key downstream target, H Western blot confirming the upregulation of DCLK1 protein in EGFRvIII cells upon TEFT, I Immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles in DCLK1 -knockdown cells. Silencing DCLK1 sensitizes EGFRvIII cells to TEFT-induced spindle defects, J Quantification of abnormal nuclear morphology in DCLK1-depleted cells ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), K Venn diagram integrating multi-omics data with microtubule/GTPase-related genes, identifying ARHGEF2 (GEF-H1) as another target, L In vitro tubulin <t>polymerization</t> assay in TBD0220 cells under the indicated conditions. IDO1 knockdown, ARHGEF2 knockdown, osimertinib, or epacadostat reduced the microtubule-polymerizing activity associated with EGFRvIII-mediated TEFT resistance. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The exact n values and definitions of biological replicates are specified for the relevant panels. Statistical tests were as follows: two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test for panel J ; ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by two-sided Šídák-adjusted multiple-comparisons tests for panel F . Exact P values, adjusted for multiple comparisons where applicable, are shown in the corresponding panels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
    Tubulin Polymerization Assay Kit, supplied by Cytoskeleton Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 714 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/tubulin+polymerization+assay+kit/Tubulin+polymerization+assay+using+%3E99%25+pure+tubulin%2C+OD+based+-+Porcine/pmc13620138-544-7-12
    Average 96 stars, based on 714 article reviews
    tubulin polymerization assay kit - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "CPT1A-mediated IDO1 succinylation shapes EGFRvIII-driven resistance to tumor electric field therapy in glioblastoma"

    Article Title: CPT1A-mediated IDO1 succinylation shapes EGFRvIII-driven resistance to tumor electric field therapy in glioblastoma

    Journal: Nature Communications

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-77927-w

    A Western blot analysis of AhR in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of TBD0220 and LN229-EGFRvIII cells. TEFT treatment promotes AhR nuclear translocation, B Immunofluorescence staining of AhR (red) and DAPI (blue). TEFT induces AhR nuclear accumulation, which is reversed by IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib. Scale bars, 10 μm, C ATAC-seq footprinting showing increased chromatin accessibility at the AhR binding motif in EGFRvIII cells versus wild-type, D GO enrichment analysis of AhR target genes (identified by intersecting ATAC-seq and ChIP-Atlas), highlighting “Mitotic Cell Cycle” and “Microtubule Cytoskeleton” as top pathways, E Representative immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles (α-tubulin, green) and chromosomes (DAPI, blue) in LN229 cells. TEFT causes severe spindle disruption and multipolar mitosis in wild-type cells, whereas EGFRvIII cells maintain bipolar spindles. This protection is lost upon IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib treatment, F Quantification of cells with abnormal nuclei following TEFT treatment ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), G Venn diagram intersecting RNA-seq (upregulated), ATAC-seq (accessible peaks), and ChIP-Atlas (AhR binding targets) data, identifying DCLK1 as a key downstream target, H Western blot confirming the upregulation of DCLK1 protein in EGFRvIII cells upon TEFT, I Immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles in DCLK1 -knockdown cells. Silencing DCLK1 sensitizes EGFRvIII cells to TEFT-induced spindle defects, J Quantification of abnormal nuclear morphology in DCLK1-depleted cells ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), K Venn diagram integrating multi-omics data with microtubule/GTPase-related genes, identifying ARHGEF2 (GEF-H1) as another target, L In vitro tubulin polymerization assay in TBD0220 cells under the indicated conditions. IDO1 knockdown, ARHGEF2 knockdown, osimertinib, or epacadostat reduced the microtubule-polymerizing activity associated with EGFRvIII-mediated TEFT resistance. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The exact n values and definitions of biological replicates are specified for the relevant panels. Statistical tests were as follows: two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test for panel J ; ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by two-sided Šídák-adjusted multiple-comparisons tests for panel F . Exact P values, adjusted for multiple comparisons where applicable, are shown in the corresponding panels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
    Figure Legend Snippet: A Western blot analysis of AhR in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of TBD0220 and LN229-EGFRvIII cells. TEFT treatment promotes AhR nuclear translocation, B Immunofluorescence staining of AhR (red) and DAPI (blue). TEFT induces AhR nuclear accumulation, which is reversed by IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib. Scale bars, 10 μm, C ATAC-seq footprinting showing increased chromatin accessibility at the AhR binding motif in EGFRvIII cells versus wild-type, D GO enrichment analysis of AhR target genes (identified by intersecting ATAC-seq and ChIP-Atlas), highlighting “Mitotic Cell Cycle” and “Microtubule Cytoskeleton” as top pathways, E Representative immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles (α-tubulin, green) and chromosomes (DAPI, blue) in LN229 cells. TEFT causes severe spindle disruption and multipolar mitosis in wild-type cells, whereas EGFRvIII cells maintain bipolar spindles. This protection is lost upon IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib treatment, F Quantification of cells with abnormal nuclei following TEFT treatment ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), G Venn diagram intersecting RNA-seq (upregulated), ATAC-seq (accessible peaks), and ChIP-Atlas (AhR binding targets) data, identifying DCLK1 as a key downstream target, H Western blot confirming the upregulation of DCLK1 protein in EGFRvIII cells upon TEFT, I Immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles in DCLK1 -knockdown cells. Silencing DCLK1 sensitizes EGFRvIII cells to TEFT-induced spindle defects, J Quantification of abnormal nuclear morphology in DCLK1-depleted cells ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), K Venn diagram integrating multi-omics data with microtubule/GTPase-related genes, identifying ARHGEF2 (GEF-H1) as another target, L In vitro tubulin polymerization assay in TBD0220 cells under the indicated conditions. IDO1 knockdown, ARHGEF2 knockdown, osimertinib, or epacadostat reduced the microtubule-polymerizing activity associated with EGFRvIII-mediated TEFT resistance. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The exact n values and definitions of biological replicates are specified for the relevant panels. Statistical tests were as follows: two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test for panel J ; ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by two-sided Šídák-adjusted multiple-comparisons tests for panel F . Exact P values, adjusted for multiple comparisons where applicable, are shown in the corresponding panels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

    Techniques Used: Western Blot, Analysis, Translocation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Knockdown, Footprinting, Binding Assay, Disruption, RNA Sequencing, Morphology, Biomarker Discovery, In Vitro, Polymerization Assay, Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test

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    Article Title: CPT1A-mediated IDO1 succinylation shapes EGFRvIII-driven resistance to tumor electric field therapy in glioblastoma
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    Inhibition:

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    In Vitro:

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    A Western blot analysis of AhR in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of TBD0220 and LN229-EGFRvIII cells. TEFT treatment promotes AhR nuclear translocation, B Immunofluorescence staining of AhR (red) and DAPI (blue). TEFT induces AhR nuclear accumulation, which is reversed by IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib. Scale bars, 10 μm, C ATAC-seq footprinting showing increased chromatin accessibility at the AhR binding motif in EGFRvIII cells versus wild-type, D GO enrichment analysis of AhR target genes (identified by intersecting ATAC-seq and ChIP-Atlas), highlighting “Mitotic Cell Cycle” and “Microtubule Cytoskeleton” as top pathways, E Representative immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles <t>(α-tubulin,</t> green) and chromosomes (DAPI, blue) in LN229 cells. TEFT causes severe spindle disruption and multipolar mitosis in wild-type cells, whereas EGFRvIII cells maintain bipolar spindles. This protection is lost upon IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib treatment, F Quantification of cells with abnormal nuclei following TEFT treatment ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), G Venn diagram intersecting RNA-seq (upregulated), ATAC-seq (accessible peaks), and ChIP-Atlas (AhR binding targets) data, identifying DCLK1 as a key downstream target, H Western blot confirming the upregulation of DCLK1 protein in EGFRvIII cells upon TEFT, I Immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles in DCLK1 -knockdown cells. Silencing DCLK1 sensitizes EGFRvIII cells to TEFT-induced spindle defects, J Quantification of abnormal nuclear morphology in DCLK1-depleted cells ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), K Venn diagram integrating multi-omics data with microtubule/GTPase-related genes, identifying ARHGEF2 (GEF-H1) as another target, L In vitro tubulin <t>polymerization</t> assay in TBD0220 cells under the indicated conditions. IDO1 knockdown, ARHGEF2 knockdown, osimertinib, or epacadostat reduced the microtubule-polymerizing activity associated with EGFRvIII-mediated TEFT resistance. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The exact n values and definitions of biological replicates are specified for the relevant panels. Statistical tests were as follows: two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test for panel J ; ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by two-sided Šídák-adjusted multiple-comparisons tests for panel F . Exact P values, adjusted for multiple comparisons where applicable, are shown in the corresponding panels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
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    Cytoskeleton Inc cytoskeleton kit
    AOH1996 disrupts centrosome organization and spindle integrity. A, Representative immunofluorescence microscopy images of HFK, HeLa, and CaSki cells treated with DMSO or 1 μmol/L AOH1996 for 24 hours, stained for <t>β-tubulin</t> (red), γ-tubulin (green), and DNA (DAPI, blue). In DMSO-treated cells, mitotic spindles and centrosomes appear organized and bipolar. In contrast, AOH1996-treated cells exhibit multipolar, shortened, and disorganized spindles with supernumerary centrosomes. B, Quantification of spindle length shows a significant reduction in AOH1996-treated cells across all lines, confirming spindle collapse or failure. C, Quantification of centrosome number per cell reveals a significant increase following AOH1996 treatment, most pronounced in cervical cancer (CaCx) cells. D, Chemical structures of AOH1996 and its structurally related analog AOH1996-8Nq, which contains a nitrogen substitution in the aromatic ring and lacks cytotoxic or mitosis-disrupting activity. E, Protein thermal shift assay of recombinantly expressed 6xHis PCNA with AOH1996-8Nq. A PCNA-stabilizing shift of 0.5°C at each concentration indicates binding interaction. F, Brightfield and immunofluorescence microscopy images of HeLa cells treated with 200 nmol/L AOH1996 or AOH1996-8Nq. AOH1996 causes cell rounding and centrosome/spindle disruption, whereas AOH1996-8Nq does not. G, Immunofluorescence microscopy of β-tubulin (red), γ-tubulin (green), and DAPI (blue) in HeLa cells. AOH1996 significantly decreases colocalization between γ-tubulin and β-tubulin, as shown by quantification (right). AOH1996-8Nq has no effect. Bottom, pixel-based colocalization maps show overlapping γ/β-tubulin signal (white). H, Western blot analysis of centrosome components (pericentrin and γ-tubulin), spindle protein (β-tubulin), and mitotic marker (p-H3) from HeLa cells treated with DMSO, AOH1996, or AOH1996-8Nq. AOH1996 decreases centrosomal protein levels and increases p-H3 abundance. AOH1996-8Nq does not alter these levels. Nucleolin serves as a loading control. Bar graph represents corresponding quantification. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Statistical comparisons were performed using two-way ANOVA. ****, P < 0.0001; ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.0001.
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    A Western blot analysis of AhR in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of TBD0220 and LN229-EGFRvIII cells. TEFT treatment promotes AhR nuclear translocation, B Immunofluorescence staining of AhR (red) and DAPI (blue). TEFT induces AhR nuclear accumulation, which is reversed by IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib. Scale bars, 10 μm, C ATAC-seq footprinting showing increased chromatin accessibility at the AhR binding motif in EGFRvIII cells versus wild-type, D GO enrichment analysis of AhR target genes (identified by intersecting ATAC-seq and ChIP-Atlas), highlighting “Mitotic Cell Cycle” and “Microtubule Cytoskeleton” as top pathways, E Representative immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles (α-tubulin, green) and chromosomes (DAPI, blue) in LN229 cells. TEFT causes severe spindle disruption and multipolar mitosis in wild-type cells, whereas EGFRvIII cells maintain bipolar spindles. This protection is lost upon IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib treatment, F Quantification of cells with abnormal nuclei following TEFT treatment ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), G Venn diagram intersecting RNA-seq (upregulated), ATAC-seq (accessible peaks), and ChIP-Atlas (AhR binding targets) data, identifying DCLK1 as a key downstream target, H Western blot confirming the upregulation of DCLK1 protein in EGFRvIII cells upon TEFT, I Immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles in DCLK1 -knockdown cells. Silencing DCLK1 sensitizes EGFRvIII cells to TEFT-induced spindle defects, J Quantification of abnormal nuclear morphology in DCLK1-depleted cells ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), K Venn diagram integrating multi-omics data with microtubule/GTPase-related genes, identifying ARHGEF2 (GEF-H1) as another target, L In vitro tubulin polymerization assay in TBD0220 cells under the indicated conditions. IDO1 knockdown, ARHGEF2 knockdown, osimertinib, or epacadostat reduced the microtubule-polymerizing activity associated with EGFRvIII-mediated TEFT resistance. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The exact n values and definitions of biological replicates are specified for the relevant panels. Statistical tests were as follows: two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test for panel J ; ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by two-sided Šídák-adjusted multiple-comparisons tests for panel F . Exact P values, adjusted for multiple comparisons where applicable, are shown in the corresponding panels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: CPT1A-mediated IDO1 succinylation shapes EGFRvIII-driven resistance to tumor electric field therapy in glioblastoma

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-77927-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A Western blot analysis of AhR in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of TBD0220 and LN229-EGFRvIII cells. TEFT treatment promotes AhR nuclear translocation, B Immunofluorescence staining of AhR (red) and DAPI (blue). TEFT induces AhR nuclear accumulation, which is reversed by IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib. Scale bars, 10 μm, C ATAC-seq footprinting showing increased chromatin accessibility at the AhR binding motif in EGFRvIII cells versus wild-type, D GO enrichment analysis of AhR target genes (identified by intersecting ATAC-seq and ChIP-Atlas), highlighting “Mitotic Cell Cycle” and “Microtubule Cytoskeleton” as top pathways, E Representative immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles (α-tubulin, green) and chromosomes (DAPI, blue) in LN229 cells. TEFT causes severe spindle disruption and multipolar mitosis in wild-type cells, whereas EGFRvIII cells maintain bipolar spindles. This protection is lost upon IDO1 knockdown or osimertinib treatment, F Quantification of cells with abnormal nuclei following TEFT treatment ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), G Venn diagram intersecting RNA-seq (upregulated), ATAC-seq (accessible peaks), and ChIP-Atlas (AhR binding targets) data, identifying DCLK1 as a key downstream target, H Western blot confirming the upregulation of DCLK1 protein in EGFRvIII cells upon TEFT, I Immunofluorescence images of mitotic spindles in DCLK1 -knockdown cells. Silencing DCLK1 sensitizes EGFRvIII cells to TEFT-induced spindle defects, J Quantification of abnormal nuclear morphology in DCLK1-depleted cells ( n = 3 biological replicates per group), K Venn diagram integrating multi-omics data with microtubule/GTPase-related genes, identifying ARHGEF2 (GEF-H1) as another target, L In vitro tubulin polymerization assay in TBD0220 cells under the indicated conditions. IDO1 knockdown, ARHGEF2 knockdown, osimertinib, or epacadostat reduced the microtubule-polymerizing activity associated with EGFRvIII-mediated TEFT resistance. Data are presented as mean ± SD. The exact n values and definitions of biological replicates are specified for the relevant panels. Statistical tests were as follows: two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test for panel J ; ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by two-sided Šídák-adjusted multiple-comparisons tests for panel F . Exact P values, adjusted for multiple comparisons where applicable, are shown in the corresponding panels. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

    Article Snippet: Tubulin polymerization kinetics were monitored using the Tubulin Polymerization Assay Kit (BK006P, Cytoskeleton, Inc.) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Analysis, Translocation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Knockdown, Footprinting, Binding Assay, Disruption, RNA Sequencing, Morphology, Biomarker Discovery, In Vitro, Polymerization Assay, Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test

    AOH1996 disrupts centrosome organization and spindle integrity. A, Representative immunofluorescence microscopy images of HFK, HeLa, and CaSki cells treated with DMSO or 1 μmol/L AOH1996 for 24 hours, stained for β-tubulin (red), γ-tubulin (green), and DNA (DAPI, blue). In DMSO-treated cells, mitotic spindles and centrosomes appear organized and bipolar. In contrast, AOH1996-treated cells exhibit multipolar, shortened, and disorganized spindles with supernumerary centrosomes. B, Quantification of spindle length shows a significant reduction in AOH1996-treated cells across all lines, confirming spindle collapse or failure. C, Quantification of centrosome number per cell reveals a significant increase following AOH1996 treatment, most pronounced in cervical cancer (CaCx) cells. D, Chemical structures of AOH1996 and its structurally related analog AOH1996-8Nq, which contains a nitrogen substitution in the aromatic ring and lacks cytotoxic or mitosis-disrupting activity. E, Protein thermal shift assay of recombinantly expressed 6xHis PCNA with AOH1996-8Nq. A PCNA-stabilizing shift of 0.5°C at each concentration indicates binding interaction. F, Brightfield and immunofluorescence microscopy images of HeLa cells treated with 200 nmol/L AOH1996 or AOH1996-8Nq. AOH1996 causes cell rounding and centrosome/spindle disruption, whereas AOH1996-8Nq does not. G, Immunofluorescence microscopy of β-tubulin (red), γ-tubulin (green), and DAPI (blue) in HeLa cells. AOH1996 significantly decreases colocalization between γ-tubulin and β-tubulin, as shown by quantification (right). AOH1996-8Nq has no effect. Bottom, pixel-based colocalization maps show overlapping γ/β-tubulin signal (white). H, Western blot analysis of centrosome components (pericentrin and γ-tubulin), spindle protein (β-tubulin), and mitotic marker (p-H3) from HeLa cells treated with DMSO, AOH1996, or AOH1996-8Nq. AOH1996 decreases centrosomal protein levels and increases p-H3 abundance. AOH1996-8Nq does not alter these levels. Nucleolin serves as a loading control. Bar graph represents corresponding quantification. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Statistical comparisons were performed using two-way ANOVA. ****, P < 0.0001; ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Cancer Research Communications

    Article Title: Targeting Cancer-Associated PCNA with AOH1996 Induces Mitotic Catastrophe and Enhances Cisplatin Therapy in Cervical Cancer

    doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-25-0648

    Figure Lengend Snippet: AOH1996 disrupts centrosome organization and spindle integrity. A, Representative immunofluorescence microscopy images of HFK, HeLa, and CaSki cells treated with DMSO or 1 μmol/L AOH1996 for 24 hours, stained for β-tubulin (red), γ-tubulin (green), and DNA (DAPI, blue). In DMSO-treated cells, mitotic spindles and centrosomes appear organized and bipolar. In contrast, AOH1996-treated cells exhibit multipolar, shortened, and disorganized spindles with supernumerary centrosomes. B, Quantification of spindle length shows a significant reduction in AOH1996-treated cells across all lines, confirming spindle collapse or failure. C, Quantification of centrosome number per cell reveals a significant increase following AOH1996 treatment, most pronounced in cervical cancer (CaCx) cells. D, Chemical structures of AOH1996 and its structurally related analog AOH1996-8Nq, which contains a nitrogen substitution in the aromatic ring and lacks cytotoxic or mitosis-disrupting activity. E, Protein thermal shift assay of recombinantly expressed 6xHis PCNA with AOH1996-8Nq. A PCNA-stabilizing shift of 0.5°C at each concentration indicates binding interaction. F, Brightfield and immunofluorescence microscopy images of HeLa cells treated with 200 nmol/L AOH1996 or AOH1996-8Nq. AOH1996 causes cell rounding and centrosome/spindle disruption, whereas AOH1996-8Nq does not. G, Immunofluorescence microscopy of β-tubulin (red), γ-tubulin (green), and DAPI (blue) in HeLa cells. AOH1996 significantly decreases colocalization between γ-tubulin and β-tubulin, as shown by quantification (right). AOH1996-8Nq has no effect. Bottom, pixel-based colocalization maps show overlapping γ/β-tubulin signal (white). H, Western blot analysis of centrosome components (pericentrin and γ-tubulin), spindle protein (β-tubulin), and mitotic marker (p-H3) from HeLa cells treated with DMSO, AOH1996, or AOH1996-8Nq. AOH1996 decreases centrosomal protein levels and increases p-H3 abundance. AOH1996-8Nq does not alter these levels. Nucleolin serves as a loading control. Bar graph represents corresponding quantification. Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Statistical comparisons were performed using two-way ANOVA. ****, P < 0.0001; ***, P < 0.001; **, P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Tubulin polymerization was measured using an optical density–based tubulin polymerization kit (Cytoskeleton, Inc., BK004P).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Activity Assay, Thermal Shift Assay, Concentration Assay, Binding Assay, Disruption, Western Blot, Marker, Control

    AOH1996 binds to tubulin and disrupts PCNA–γ-tubulin interactions. A, Tubulin polymerization assay performed in vitro using purified tubulin. AOH1996 partially inhibits polymerization relative to DMSO and paclitaxel (positive control) but more effectively than the inert analog AOH1996-8Nq and the microtubule-depolymerizing agent colcemid (negative control). B, SPR analysis of AOH1996 and AOH1996-8Nq binding to purified tubulin. Sensorgrams (top) and fitted binding curves (bottom) demonstrate that AOH1996 binds tubulin with higher affinity than AOH1996-8Nq. C, Apparent dissociation constants (Kd) derived from SPR data. AOH1996 binds tubulin with a mean Kd of ∼30 μmol/L, whereas AOH1996-8Nq shows modest, yet significantly weaker, binding with a mean Kd of ∼70 μmol/L. Graphs represent the mean and range of nine independent experiments. D, Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of endogenous PCNA from HeLa lysates treated with or without AOH1996 or AOH1996-8Nq, followed by immunoblotting for α-, β-, or γ-tubulin. AOH1996 treatment reduces the interaction between PCNA and γ-tubulin by ∼50%, whereas AOH1996-8Nq has no effect. Normal rabbit IgG was used as a negative IP control. Right, quantification of γ-tubulin co-IP signal normalized to DMSO. Bar graphs represent the mean and range from at least two biological replicates. E, Dose–response curve from MTT assay shows reduced impact of AOH1996-8Nq (IC 50 value not reached) on HeLa viability compared with AOH1996-treated (IC 50 = 125 nmol/L) cells. Statistical comparisons were made using unpaired two-tailed t tests. **, P < 0.01.

    Journal: Cancer Research Communications

    Article Title: Targeting Cancer-Associated PCNA with AOH1996 Induces Mitotic Catastrophe and Enhances Cisplatin Therapy in Cervical Cancer

    doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-25-0648

    Figure Lengend Snippet: AOH1996 binds to tubulin and disrupts PCNA–γ-tubulin interactions. A, Tubulin polymerization assay performed in vitro using purified tubulin. AOH1996 partially inhibits polymerization relative to DMSO and paclitaxel (positive control) but more effectively than the inert analog AOH1996-8Nq and the microtubule-depolymerizing agent colcemid (negative control). B, SPR analysis of AOH1996 and AOH1996-8Nq binding to purified tubulin. Sensorgrams (top) and fitted binding curves (bottom) demonstrate that AOH1996 binds tubulin with higher affinity than AOH1996-8Nq. C, Apparent dissociation constants (Kd) derived from SPR data. AOH1996 binds tubulin with a mean Kd of ∼30 μmol/L, whereas AOH1996-8Nq shows modest, yet significantly weaker, binding with a mean Kd of ∼70 μmol/L. Graphs represent the mean and range of nine independent experiments. D, Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of endogenous PCNA from HeLa lysates treated with or without AOH1996 or AOH1996-8Nq, followed by immunoblotting for α-, β-, or γ-tubulin. AOH1996 treatment reduces the interaction between PCNA and γ-tubulin by ∼50%, whereas AOH1996-8Nq has no effect. Normal rabbit IgG was used as a negative IP control. Right, quantification of γ-tubulin co-IP signal normalized to DMSO. Bar graphs represent the mean and range from at least two biological replicates. E, Dose–response curve from MTT assay shows reduced impact of AOH1996-8Nq (IC 50 value not reached) on HeLa viability compared with AOH1996-treated (IC 50 = 125 nmol/L) cells. Statistical comparisons were made using unpaired two-tailed t tests. **, P < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: Tubulin polymerization was measured using an optical density–based tubulin polymerization kit (Cytoskeleton, Inc., BK004P).

    Techniques: Polymerization Assay, In Vitro, Purification, Positive Control, Negative Control, Binding Assay, Derivative Assay, Immunoprecipitation, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Western Blot, Control, MTT Assay, Two Tailed Test